<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Helen E Gabriel</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jimmy W Crott</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Haifa Ghandour</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Gerard E Dallal</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sang-Woon Choi</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mary K Keyes</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hyeran Jang</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Zhenhua Liu</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Marie Nadeau</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Abbey Johnston</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Donna Mager</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joel B. Mason</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chronic cigarette smoking is associated with diminished folate status, altered folate form distribution, and increased genetic damage in the buccal mucosa of healthy adults</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">80 and over</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Adult</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Chromosome Aberrations</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Female</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Folic Acid</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Male</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Micronucleus Tests</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Middle Aged</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mouth Mucosa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nutritional Status</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Pyridoxal Phosphate</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smoking</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vitamin B Complex</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">{Case-Control} Studies</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">{DNA</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">} Erythrocytes</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16600936</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">4</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">83</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">835–841</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smoking causes genetic damage in buccal cells and increases the risk of oral cancer. Because folate is instrumental in {DNA} synthesis and repair, it is a determinant of genetic stability and therefore might attenuate the genotoxic effects of smoking.

Our aim was to compare the presence of folate metabolites and select indicators of genetic damage in the mouths of chronic smokers and nonsmokers.

Dietary, biochemical, and molecular correlates of folate status were measured in healthy smoker (n = 35) and nonsmoker (n = 21) groups of comparable age, sex, and body mass indexes.

After correction for dietary intake, the smokers displayed lower plasma, erythrocyte, and buccal mucosal cell {(BMC)} folate (20%, 32%, and 50% lower, respectively; P &amp;lt; 0.05) and lower plasma vitamin B-12 and pyridoxal 5-phosphate {(P} &amp;lt; 0.05) than did nonsmokers. Folate in the {BMCs} of smokers comprised significantly greater proportions of pteroylmonoglutamate, formyltetrahydrofolate, and 5,10-methenyltetrahyrofolate than did folate in the {BMCs} of nonsmokers. Although the degree of genomic methylation and uracil incorporation in the buccal cells of the 2 groups were not significantly different, the {BMC} micronucleus index, a cytologic indicator of genetic damage, in the smokers was 2-fold that of the nonsmokers (9.57 compared with 4.44 micronuclei/1000 cells; P &amp;lt; 0.0001). Neither systemic nor oral folate status was an independent predictor of micronuclei.

Chronic smoking is associated with a lower systemic status of several B vitamins, reduced oral folate, and changes in folate form distribution in the mouth. However, the cytologic damage that is evident in the mouths of smokers does not correlate with oral folate status.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">{PMID:} 16600936</style></notes></record></records></xml>