<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="6.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Lin Nie</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mitchell L Wise</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">David M Peterson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Mohsen Meydani</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avenanthramide, a polyphenol from oats, inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and enhances nitric oxide production</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Atherosclerosis</style></secondary-title></titles><keywords><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Animals</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Anthranilic Acids</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Antioxidants</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Aorta</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Avena sativa</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Catechols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cattle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Line</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Cell Proliferation</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Growth Inhibitors</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Humans</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Muscle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Myocytes</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nitric Oxide</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Phenols</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rats</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smooth</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Smooth Muscle</style></keyword><keyword><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Vascular</style></keyword></keywords><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2006</style></year></dates><urls><web-urls><url><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16139284</style></url></web-urls></urls><number><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2</style></number><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">186</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">260–266</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">The proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMC) and impaired nitric oxide (NO) production are both crucial pathophysiological processes in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. Epidemiological data have indicated that diets rich in whole grain foods are associated with a reduced risk of developing atherosclerosis. Avenanthramides are polyphenols found exclusively in oats {(Avena} sativa L.). The present study was conducted to examine the effect of synthetically prepared avenanthramide-2c on the proliferation of SMC and NO production by SMC and human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC). Avenanthramide-2c significantly inhibited serum-induced {SMC} proliferation. At a concentration of 120 microM, avenanthramide-2c inhibited more than 50% of SMC proliferation, as measured by [3H] thymidine incorporation, and increased the doubling time of rat SMC line {(A10)} from 28 to 48 h. Treatment of human SMC with 40, 80, and 120 microM avenanthramide-2c inhibited cell number increase by 41, 62, and 73%, respectively. In addition, avenanthramide-2c treatment significantly and dose-dependently increased NO production in both SMC and HAEC. At a concentration of 120 {microM,} avenanthramide-2c increased {NO} production by three-fold in {SMC,} and by nine-fold in {HAEC.} These increases were in parallel with the up-regulation of {mRNA} expression for endothelial {NO} synthase {(eNOS)} in both vascular {SMC} and {HAEC.} These results suggest that the avenanthramides of oats may contribute to the prevention of atherosclerosis through inhibition of {SMC} proliferation and increasing {NO} production.</style></abstract><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">{PMID:} 16139284</style></notes></record></records></xml>