Total antioxidant performance is associated with diet and serum antioxidants in participants of the diet and physical activity substudy of the Jackson Heart Study

Total antioxidant performance {(TAP)} measures antioxidant capacities in both hydrophilic and lipophilic compartments of serum and interactions known to exist between them. Our objective was to assess {TAP} levels in a subset of Jackson Heart Study {(JHS)} participants and to examine associations with dietary and total (diet + supplement) intakes of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol (diet only), beta-carotene, vitamin C, fruit, vegetables, and nuts, and serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol, and beta-carotene. We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 420 (mean age 61 y; 254 women) African American men and women participating in the Diet and Physical Activity {Sub-Study} of the {JHS} in Jackson, Mississippi. In multivariate-adjusted models, we observed positive associations between total alpha-tocopherol, total and dietary beta-carotene, and total vitamin C intakes and {TAP} levels {(P-trend} {\textless} 0.05). Positive associations were also observed for vegetable, fruit, and total fruit and vegetable intakes {(P-trend} {\textless} 0.05). For serum antioxidant nutrients, alpha-tocopherol but not beta-carotene was associated with serum {TAP} levels. There were inverse associations for serum gamma-tocopherol and {TAP} levels. Associations for alpha-tocopherol were seen at intake levels much higher than the current Recommended Dietary Allowance. It may, therefore, be prudent to focus on increasing consumption of fruit, vegetables, nuts, and seeds to increase total antioxidant capacity.