The Folate Hydrolase 1561C>T Polymorphism Is Associated With Depressive Symptoms in Puerto Rican Adults

Objective To examine the associations between variants of genes involved in the uptake, retention, and metabolism of folate and depressive symptoms and to analyze whether such associations are direct or through mediation by folate or homocysteine. Methods We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data from 976 Puerto Rican adults, aged 45 to 75 years, residing in the greater Boston area, Massachusetts. Twelve single nucleotide polymorphisms {(SNPs)} in genes involved in folate uptake, retention, and metabolism were investigated. These include {FOLH1} (folate hydrolase), {FPGS} (folate polyglutamate synthase), {GGH} (γ-glutamyl hydrolase), {MTHFR} (methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase), {MTR} (methionine synthase), {PCFT} (proton-coupled folate transporter), and {RFC1} (reduced folate carrier 1). The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale {(CES-D)} was used to measure depressive symptoms. Results The {FOLH1} rs61886492 {C{\textgreater}T} (or {1561C{\textgreater}T)} polymorphism was significantly associated with lower {CES-D} score (p = .0025) after adjusting for age, sex, population admixture, smoking, and educational attainment. Individuals with the {TT} and {TC} genotypes were 49% less likely (odds ratio = 0.51, 95% confidence interval = 0.29-0.89) to report mild depressive symptoms {(CES-D} score ≥16 and ≤26) and 64% less likely (odds ratio = 0.36, 95% confidence interval = 0.18-0.69) to report moderate to severe depressive symptoms {(CES-D} score {\textgreater}26), compared with those with the {CC} genotype. No significant mediation effects by plasma folate or homocysteine on the associations between this single nucleotide polymorphism and {CES-D} score were observed. Conclusions The {FOLH1} {1561C{\textgreater}T} polymorphism may be associated with the risk of depressive symptoms.